(a)+Eukaryotic+cells


 * __General structure__**

(1) Make a large line drawing of a liver cell (as an example of an animal cell), drawing and labeling the organelles listed in IB statement 2.3.1 Fig. 1: Detail of a human liver cell's interior (2) List the main functions of these organelles, underneath their labels (on your large clear pencil diagram).

Lysosomes: contain enzymes used for digestion

media type="youtube" key="ekdIEpSf-1I" height="345" width="420" Golgi Apparatus:
 * A packaging organelle.
 * Uses small molecules to create more complex ones. These molecules are packages into vesicles, either to be stored for later, or carried out of the cell.
 * The golgi apparatus is also used to create Lysosomes

Ribosomes:
 * Can be found in cytoplasm, or studed to the sides of the endoplastic reticulum
 * Their main function is to create and assemble proteins from amino acids

Mitochondria:
 * Convert oxygen and nutrients into ATP (energy)
 * also assist in cell growth, cell cycle and cellular death

media type="youtube" key="TgJt4KgKQJI" height="345" width="420" Endoplasmic reticulum: The 'factory of a cell'

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Nucleus:
 * The control center or 'brain' of eukaryotic cells.
 * contains the genetic material of a a cell and is able to control a cell through 'gene expression'

(3) Label these same organelles on an EM (electron microscope) micrograph of a liver cell. If you cannot find a good one on the net, use the attached one.

(4) Create a clear table on these organelles (listed in IB statement 2.3.1), as is shown below. Include both a line drawing and an image (from internet or book). The first one has been done for you. Yay for Mr. H! Table 1: Organelles common to Eukaryotic cells and their functions
 * __Organelles__**

[[image:[dfwlvfdsv.png width="800" height="618"]] [[image:ddd.png width="800" height="618"]]
 * __Comparing cells__**

(5) **__C____ompare__** the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Fig. 2: Diagram comparing a Eurayotic cell to a Prokaryotic cell

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1. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The purpose of the nucleus is to sequester the DNA-related functions of the big eukaryotic cell into a smaller chamber, for the purpose of increased efficiency. This function is unnecessary for the prokaryotic cell, because its much smaller size means that all materials within the cell are relatively close together.

Fig. 3: A eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotiv cell being compared []

2. Eukaryotic DNA is linear; prokaryotic DNA is circular (it has no ends).

3. Eukaryotic DNA is complexed with proteins called "histones," and is organized into chromosomes; prokaryotic DNA is "naked," meaning that it has no histones associated with it, and it is not formed into chromosomes. A eukaryotic cell contains a number of chromosomes; a prokaryotic cell contains only one circular DNA molecule and a varied assortment of much smaller circlets of DNA called "plasmids." The smaller, simpler prokaryotic cell requires far fewer genes to operate than the eukaryotic cell.

Fig. 4: Chromosome of Eukaryotic DNA []

4. Both cell types have many ribosomes, but the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell.

Fig. 5: Ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells []

5. The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is filled with a large, complex collection of organelles, many of them enclosed in their own membranes; the prokaryotic cell contains no membrane-bound organelles which are independent of the plasma membrane. There is much more space within a eukaryotic cell than within a prokaryotic cell, and many of these structures, like the nucleus, increase the efficiency of functions by confining them within smaller spaces within the huge cell, or with communication and movement within the cell.

(6) Create tables to compare Plant & animal cells

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